|
Spanish
Dictionary:
http://www.spanishdict.com/
Human Body Diagram in
Spanish
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/spanish/label/body/
1. Unit I: Some Basic Phrases
|
Lesson I: 1-12
Lesson 2: 13-24 |
Lesson 3: 24-36
Lesson 4: 37-48 |
Lesson 5: 49-66 |
|
1. ¡Buenos días!
bway-nohs dee-ahs
Hello! / Good morning! |
2. ¡Buenas tardes!
bway-nahs tard-ays
Good afternoon! |
3. ¡Buenas noches!
bway-nahs noh-chays
Good evening! / Good night! |
|
4. ¡Hola! /
¡Chao!
oh-lah / chow
Hi! / Bye! |
5. Adiós.
ah-dee-ohs
Good bye. |
6. Por favor.
por fah-bor
Please. |
|
7. Hasta la vista / Hasta
luego.
ah-stah lah vees-tah / ah-stah loo-ay-go
See you / See you later. |
8. Hasta pronto.
ah-stah prohn-toh
See you soon. |
9. Hasta mañana.
ah-stah mahn-yahn-ah
See you tomorrow. |
|
10. (Muchas) Gracias.
(moo-chahs) grah-see-ahs
Thank you (very much). |
11. De nada.
day nah-dah
You're welcome. |
12. Bienvenidos
byen-veh-nee-dohs
Welcome |
|
13. Lo siento
loh see-ehn-toh
I'm sorry |
14. Con permiso /
Perdón
kohn pehr-mee-soh / pehr-dohn
Excuse me / Pardon |
15. ¡Vamos!
bah-mohs
Let's go! |
|
16. ¿Cómo está usted?
koh-moh ay-stah oo-sted
How are you? (formal) |
17. ¿Cómo estás?
koh-moh ay-stahs
How are you? (informal) |
18. ¿Qué tal?
kay tahl
How's it going? |
|
19. Bien / Muy bien
bee-ehn / moy bee-ehn
Good / Very good |
20. Mal / Muy mal / Más o
menos
mahl / moy mahl / mahs oh may-nohs
Bad / Very bad / OK |
21.Sí / No
see / noh
Yes / No |
|
22.¿Cómo se llama usted?
koh-moh say yah-mah oo-sted
What is your name? (formal) |
23. ¿Cómo te llamas?
koh-moh tay yah-mahs
What is your name? (informal) |
24. Me llamo...
may yah-moh
My name is... |
|
24. Mucho gusto. /
Encantado.
moo-choh goo-stoh / en-cahn-tah-doh
Nice to meet you. |
26. Igualmente.
ee-guahl-mehn-tay
Same here. |
27. Señor / Señora /
Señorita
sayn-yor / sayn-yor-ah / sayn-yor-ee-tah
Mister / Mrs. / Miss |
|
28. ¿De dónde es usted?
day dohn-day ehs oo-sted
Where are you from? (formal) |
29. ¿De dónde eres?
day dohn-day eh-rehs
Where are you from? (informal) |
30. Yo soy de...
yoh soy day
I'm from... |
|
31. ¿Cuántos años tiene
usted?
quahn-tohs ahn-yohs tee-ay-nay oo-sted
How old are you? (formal) |
32. ¿Cuántos años tienes?
quahn-tohs ahn-yohs tee-ayn-ays
How old are you? (informal) |
33. Yo tengo _____ años.
yoh tayn-goh _____ ahn-yohs
I am _____ years old. |
|
34. ¿Habla usted español?
ah-blah oo-sted eh-spahn-yol
Do you speak Spanish? (formal) |
35. ¿Hablas ingles?
ah-blahs een-glehs
Do you speak English? (informal) |
36. (No) Hablo...
noh ah-bloh
I (don't) speak... |
|
37. ¿Entiende usted? /
¿Entiendes?
ehn-tyen-deh oo-sted / ehn-tyen-dehs
Do you understand? (formal / informal) |
38. (No) Entiendo.
noh ehn-tyen-doh
I (don't) understand. |
39. Yo (no lo) se.
yoh noh loh seh
I (don't) know. |
|
40. ¿Puede ayudarme?
pweh-deh ah-yoo-dar-meh
Can you help me? |
41. Claro que sí
klah-roh keh see
Of course |
42. ¿Cómo?
koh-moh
What? Pardon me? |
|
43. ¿Dónde está / Dónde
están... ?
dohn-deh eh-stah / dohn-deh eh-stahn
Where is ... / Where are ... ? |
44. Aquí
ah-kee
Here. |
45. Hay / Había...
eye / ah-bee-ah
There is / are... / There was / were... |
|
46. ¿Cómo se dice ____ en
español?
koh-moh seh dee-ceh ___ on eh-spahn-yol
How do you say ____ in Spanish? |
47. ¿Qué es esto?
keh ehs ehs-toh
What is that? |
48. ¿Qué te pasa?
keh teh pah-sah
What's the matter (with you)? |
|
49. No importa.
noh eem-por-tah
It doesn't matter. |
50. ¿Qué pasa?
keh pah-sah
What's happening? |
51. No tengo ninguna idea.
noh tehn-goh neen-goo-nah ee-deh-ah
I have no idea. |
|
52. Estoy cansado / enfermo.
eh-stoy kahn-sah-doh / ehn-fehr-moh
I'm tired / sick. |
53. Tengo hambre / sed.
tehn-goh ahm-breh / sed
I'm hungry / thirsty. |
54. Tengo calor / frío.
tehn-goh kah-lohr / free-oh
I'm hot / cold. |
|
55. Estoy aburrido.
eh-stoy ah-boo-ree-doh
I'm bored. |
56. No me importa.
noh meh eem-por-tah
I don't care. |
57. No se preocupe.
noh seh preh-oh-koo-peh
Don't worry |
|
58. Está bien.
ehs-tah bee-ehn
That's alright. |
59. Me olvidé.
meh ohl-vee-deh
I forgot. |
60. Tengo que ir ahora.
tehn-goh keh eer ah-oh-rah
I must go now. |
|
61. ¡Salud!
sah-lood
Bless you! |
62.¡Felicitaciones!
feh-lee-see-tah-see-oh-nehs
Congratulations! |
63.¡Buena suerte!
bweh-nah swehr-teh
Good luck! |
|
64. Te toca a ti.
teh toh-kah ah tee
It's your turn. (informal) |
65. ¡Callate!
kah-yah-teh
Shut up! |
66. Te amo.
tay ah-moh
I love you. (informal and singular) |
|
Notice that Spanish has informal and formal ways of
saying things. This is because there is more than one
meaning to "you" in Spanish (as well as in many other
languages.) The informal you is used when talking to
close friends, relatives, animals or children. The
formal you is used when talking to someone you just met,
do not know well, or someone for whom you would like to
show respect (a professor, for example.) There are also
two ways to say you in the plural, used when speaking to
more than one person.
Encantado, cansado, enfermo, and aburrido
are the masculine forms of the words. If the words refer
to a woman or are spoken by a woman, then the o
changes to a.
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Unit 2.
Pronunciation
|
Spanish Letter |
English Sound |
|
a |
ah |
|
e |
ay |
|
i |
ee |
|
o |
oh |
|
u |
oo |
|
ll |
y |
|
v |
b at beginning of word,
real soft b between 2 vowels |
|
ñ |
ny (as in canyon) |
|
r |
almost like a d when in
between 2 vowels |
|
rr |
r w/ a roll of the
tongue |
|
d |
almost like a th when
in between 2 vowels |
|
j |
hard h |
|
g |
g, sometimes a h |
|
qu |
k |
|
ai / all / ay |
eye |
|
z |
s |
|
z, ce, ci |
th (in most parts of
Spain) |
Stress: Just as in English, Spanish
stresses a certain syllable in a word. If a word ends in
a consonant, except s or n, the stress is on the last
syllable. If a word ends in a vowel, or s or n, the
stress is on the second-to-last syllable. For words that
do no follow these rules, an accent is written over the
vowel so that you will know to stress that syllable, as
in el pájaro (bird). |
U nit 3. Alphabet
|
a |
ah |
j |
hoh-tah |
r |
air-ay |
|
b |
bay |
k |
kah |
rr |
airr-ay |
|
c |
say |
l |
ay-lay |
s |
ay-say |
|
ch |
chay |
ll |
ay-yay |
t |
tay |
|
d |
day |
m |
ay-may |
u |
oo |
|
e |
ay |
n |
ay-nay |
v |
oo-bay |
|
f |
ay-fay |
ñ |
ayn-yay |
w |
doh-blay-bay |
|
g |
hey |
o |
oh |
x |
ah-kees |
|
h |
ah-chay |
p |
pay |
y |
ee-gree-ay-gah |
|
i |
ee |
q |
koo |
z |
say-tah |
Note:
The Spanish language academy no longer considers the ch,
ll or rr to be separate letters of the alphabet.
|
Unit 4. Definite
and Indefinite Articles and Demonstratives
|
|
Masc. Singular |
Fem. Singular |
|
|
Masc. Plural |
Fem. Plural |
|
the |
el (ail) |
la (lah) |
|
the |
los (lohs) |
las (lahs) |
|
a, an |
un (oon) |
una (oon-ah) |
|
some |
unos (oon-ohs) |
unas (oon-ahs) |
|
this |
este |
esta |
|
these |
estos |
estas |
|
that |
ese |
esa |
|
those |
esos |
esas |
|
that |
aquel |
aquella |
|
those |
aquellos |
aquellas |
El is also used with feminine nouns beginning
with a or ha when the accent is on the first syllable.
Words that end in -o and -or are generally masculine,
with a few exceptions: la mano (hand),
la foto (photo). Words that end in -a
are generally feminine, with a few exceptions:
el mapa (map), el problema
(problem). Other feminine words end in -ción,
-tad, -dad, or -tud.
Use the ese forms to mean that
when what you are talking about is near the person you
are addressing. Use the aquel forms
when what you are talking about is far from both you and
the person you are addressing. Esto and eso
are the neuter forms of this and that. They can be used
in general and abstract ways. Demonstrative adjectives
(listed above) are used before a noun; if you want to
use the demonstrative pronouns, which are used before a
verb, add an accent on all of the first e's:
éste, ésta, éstos, éstas, ése, ésa, ésos, ésas, aquél,
aquélla, aquéllos, aquéllas.
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Unit 5. Subject
Pronouns
|
yo |
yoh |
I |
nosotros(as) |
noh-soh-trohs |
we |
|
tú |
too |
you (informal) |
vosotros(as) |
boh-soh-trohs |
you all |
|
él / ella
/
usted |
ail / ay-yah
/
oo-sted |
he / she /
you (formal) |
ellos / ellas
/
ustedes |
ay-yohs /
ay-yahs /
oo-sted-ays |
they / they /
you (plural) |
Note: Vosotros is used only in Spain
when speaking to more than one person with whom you know
well. Nosotras and vosotras refer to a group of
all females, as well as ellas. Ustedes is
almost always used for saying "you all" in all Spanish
speaking countries. Usted can be abbreviated to
Ud. Ustedes can also be abbreviated to
Uds. Please note that the subject pronouns are
rarely used before verbs.
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Unit 6. Work and School
|
1.doctor
2.dentist
3.lawyer
4.professor
5.teacher
6.engineer
7.architect
8.writer
9.journalist
10.musician
11.painter
12.pharmacist
13.banker
14.carpenter
15.barber
16.mechanic
17.salesman
18.electrician
19.postman
20.policeman
21.soldier
22.pilot
23.secretary
24.typist
25.nurse |
el médico
el dentista
el abogado
el profesor
el maestro
el ingeniero
el arquitecto
el escritor
el periodista
el músico
el pintor
el farmacéutico
el banquero
el carpintero
el barbero
el mecánico
el vendedor
el electricista
el cartero
el agente de policía
el soldado
el piloto
la secretaria
la mecanógrafo
la enfermera |
|
26.history
27.math
29algebra
30.geometry
31.science
32.physics
33.chemistry
34.zoology
35.botany
36.geography
37.music
38.art
39.drawing
40.painting
41.linguistics
42.languages
|
la historia
las matemáticas
el álgebra
la geometría
la ciencia
la fisica
la química
la zoología
la botánica
la geografía
la música
el arte
el dibujo
la pintura
la lingüística
las lenguas / idiomas
|
|
Unit 7. Misc. Words
|
a lot |
mucho |
|
always |
siempre |
|
very much |
muchísimo |
|
everyday |
todos los días |
|
a little |
poco |
|
now |
ahora |
|
very little |
muy poco |
|
usually |
usualmente |
|
sometimes |
a veces |
|
there |
ahí |
|
well |
bien |
|
over there |
allí |
|
after |
después |
|
too bad |
demasiado malo |
|
poorly |
mal |
|
|
|
|
|
U nit 8. To Be
and to Have
|
A. ser -to be (is used to
identify or describe)
It tells
what something is, its basic characteristics
or its orgin
|
|
present |
past |
future |
|
soy |
I am |
fuí |
I was |
seré |
I will be |
|
eres |
you are |
fuiste |
you were |
serás |
you will be |
|
es |
he/she/it is |
fué |
he/she/it was |
será |
he/she/it will be |
|
somos |
we are |
fuimos |
we were |
seremos |
we will be |
|
sois |
you are |
fuisteis |
you were |
seréis |
you will be |
|
son |
they are |
fueron |
they were |
serán |
they will be |
|
B. estar -
to be
Estar is used to tell the location
of something or how someone feels.
|
|
present |
past |
future |
|
estoy |
I am |
estuve |
I was |
estaré |
I will be |
|
estás |
you are |
estuviste |
you were |
estarás |
you will be |
|
está |
he/she/it is |
estuvo |
he/she/it was |
estará |
he/she/it will be |
|
estamos |
we are |
estuvimos |
we were |
estaremos |
we will be |
|
estáis |
you are |
estuvisteis |
you were |
estaréis |
you will be |
|
están |
they are |
estuvieron |
they were |
estarán |
they will be |
|
C.
tener - to have
|
|
present |
|
past |
future |
|
tengo |
I have |
tuve |
I had |
tendré |
I will have |
|
tienes |
you have |
tuviste |
you had |
tendrás |
you will have |
|
tiene |
he/she/it has |
tuvo |
he/she/it had |
tendrá |
he/she/it will have |
|
tenemos |
we have |
tuvimos |
we had |
tendremos |
we will have |
|
tenéis |
you have |
tuvisteis |
you had |
tendréis |
you will have |
|
tienen |
they have |
tuvieron |
they had |
tendrán |
they will have |
Uses
of Ser
|
Identify person/object
Inherent characteristics
or qualities
Nationality/Occupation
Telling time
Express ownership
Impersonal expressions
Passive voice |
El edificio es un
templo.
La casa es grande.
Carlos es pobre.
Es carpintero.
Son las tres.
Los libros son de Juan.
Es necesario.
El teléfono fue inventado por Bell. |
The building is a
temple.
The house is large.
Charles is poor.
He is a carpenter.
It's three o'clock.
The books are John's.
It is necessary.
The telephone was invented by Bell. |
Uses of
Estar
|
Location/position
Temporary condition/state
State of health
Form progressive tense |
El libro está en la
mesa.
La ventana está abierta.
Juan está enfermo.
Miguel está estudiando. |
The book is on the
table.
The window is open.
John is sick.
Michael is studying. |
Sometimes changing the verb can completely change the
meaning: ser aburrido means to be
boring, while estar aburrido means
to be bored. Others include: ser bueno
- to be nice, estar bueno - to be in
good health; ser callado - to be
discrete, estar callado - to be silent;
ser moreno - to have brown hair,
estar moreno - to be tan.
Common
Expressions with "to be"
to be afraid - tener miedo
to be against - estar en contra
to be at fault - tener la culpa
to be careful - tener cuidado
to be cold - tener frío
to be curious - ser curioso (a)
to be happy - estar contento (a)
to be hot - tener calor
to be hungry - tener hambre
to be in a hurry - tener prisa, estar de prisa
to be jealous - tener celos
to be lucky - tener suerte
to be patient - tener paciencia
to be successful - tener éxito
to be thirsty - tener sed
to be tired - estar cansado (a)
|
10. Numbers / Ordinals
|
0 |
cero |
say-roh |
|
|
|
1 |
uno |
oo-noh |
first |
primero |
|
2 |
dos |
dohs |
second |
segundo |
|
3 |
tres |
trays |
third |
tercero |
|
4 |
cuatro |
kuah-troh |
fourth |
cuarto |
|
5 |
cinco |
seen-koh |
fifth |
quinto |
|
6 |
seis |
says |
sixth |
sexto |
|
7 |
siete |
see-ay-tay |
seventh |
séptimo |
|
8 |
ocho |
oh-choh |
eighth |
octavo |
|
9 |
nueve |
new-ay-vay |
ninth |
noveno |
|
10 |
diez |
dee-ays |
tenth |
décimo |
|
11 |
once |
ohn-say |
eleventh |
undécimo |
|
12 |
doce |
doh-say |
twelfth |
duodécimo |
|
13 |
trece |
tray-say |
thirteenth |
décimo tercero |
|
14 |
catorce |
kah-tor-say |
fourteenth |
décimo cuarto |
|
15 |
quince |
keen-say |
fifteenth |
décimo quinto |
|
16 |
diez y seis |
dee-ays ee says |
sixteenth |
décimo sexto |
|
17 |
diez y siete |
dee-ays ee
see-ay-tay |
seventeenth |
décimo séptimo |
|
18 |
diez y ocho |
dee-ays ee oh-choh |
eighteenth |
décimo octavo |
|
19 |
diez y nueve |
dee-ays ee
new-ay-vay |
nineteenth |
décimo noveno |
|
20 |
veinte |
bayn-tay |
twentieth |
vigésimo |
|
21 |
veinte y uno |
bayn-tay ee oo-noh |
twenty-first |
vigésimo primero |
|
22 |
veinte y dos |
bayn-tay ee dohs |
twenty-second |
vigésimo segundo |
|
30 |
treinta |
trayn-tah |
thirtieth |
trigésimo |
|
40 |
cuarenta |
kuar-ain-tah |
fortieth |
cuadragésimo |
|
50 |
cincuenta |
seen-kuain-tah |
fiftieth |
quincuagésimo |
|
60 |
sesenta |
say-sain-tah |
sixtieth |
sexagésimo |
|
70 |
setenta |
say-tain-tah |
seventieth |
septuagésimo |
|
80 |
ochenta |
oh-chain-tah |
eightieth |
octogésimo |
|
90 |
noventa |
noh-bain-tah |
ninetieth |
nonagésimo |
|
100 |
cien(to) |
see-ain-(toh) |
hundredth |
centésimo |
|
1000 |
mil |
meel |
thousandth |
milésimo |
Note: If you are just saying 100, you use
cien. If it's over 100, you use ciento. So
101 is ciento uno. And 156 would be ciento
cincuenta y seis. Also you can also use dieciséis,
diecisiete, dieciocho, and diecinueve
for 16, 17, 18, and 19, respectively. They are
pronounced the same but are combined into one word.
Additionally, 21-29 can be written as one word (veintiuno,
veintidós, veintitrés, etc.), but you need to
use y for the rest of the numbers.
|
11. Days of the Week
|
Monday |
lunes |
loo-nays |
|
Tuesday |
martes |
mar-tays |
|
Wednesday |
miércoles |
mee-air-coh-lays |
|
Thursday |
jueves |
hway-bays |
|
Friday |
viernes |
bee-air-nays |
|
Saturday |
sábado |
sah-bah-doh |
|
Sunday |
domingo |
doh-ming-oh |
|
the day |
el día |
ail dee-ah |
|
the week |
la semana |
lah say-mahn-ah |
|
the weekend |
el fin de semana |
ail feen day
say-mahn-ah |
|
today |
hoy |
oy |
|
tomorrow |
mañana |
mahn-yahn-ah |
|
my birthday |
mi cumpleaños |
mee
coom-play-ahn-yohs |
|
12. Months of the Year
|
January |
enero |
ay-nair-oh |
|
February |
febrero |
fay-bray-roh |
|
March |
marzo |
mar-soh |
|
April |
abril |
ah-breel |
|
May |
mayo |
mi-oh |
|
June |
junio |
hoo-nee-oh |
|
July |
julio |
hoo-lee-oh |
|
August |
agosto |
ah-gohs-toh |
|
September |
septiembre |
sayp-tee-aim-bray |
|
October |
octubre |
ohk-too-bray |
|
November |
noviembre |
noh-bee-aim-bray |
|
December |
diciembre |
dee-see-aim-bray |
|
the month |
el mes |
ail mais |
|
the first of [a month] |
el primero de
[month] |
ail pree-mair-oh day
_____ |
|
the year |
el año |
ail ahn-yoh |
|
13. Seasons
|
spring |
la primavera |
|
winter |
el invierno |
|
summer |
el verano |
|
autumn |
el otoño |
Note:
To say in the summer, spring, etc. use en
and the season. En verano means in the summer.
|
|
14. Directions
|
north |
el norte |
|
east |
el este |
|
south |
el sur |
|
west |
el oeste |
|
15. Colors
|
red |
rojo |
|
violet |
violeta |
|
pink |
rosado |
|
brown |
marrón |
|
orange |
anaranjado |
|
dark brown |
marrón oscuro |
|
yellow |
amarillo |
|
black |
negro |
|
green |
verde |
|
gray |
gris |
|
blue |
azul |
|
white |
blanco |
|
light blue |
celeste |
|
gold |
dorado |
|
purple |
morado |
|
silver |
plateado |
|
16. Time
|
Qué hora es? |
What time is it? |
|
Es la una. |
It's one. |
|
Son las
dos/tres/cuatro... |
It's two/three/four... |
|
Es mediodía. |
It's noon. |
|
Es medianoche. |
It's midnight. |
|
Son las cinco y
cinco. |
It's 5:05 |
|
Son las ocho y
cuarto. |
It's 8:15 |
|
Son las diez menos
cuarto. |
It's 9:45 |
|
Son cuarto para las
diez |
It's 9:45 (common in
Mexico) |
|
Son las nueve menos
diez. |
It's 8:50 |
|
Son diez para las
nueve |
It's 8:50 (common in
Mexico) |
|
Son las tres y
media. |
It's 3:30 |
|
17. Weather
|
Qué tiempo hace? |
What's the
weather like? |
|
Hace buen tiempo. |
The weather's nice. |
|
Hace mal tiempo. |
The weather's bad. |
|
Hace frío. |
It's cold. |
|
Hace calor. |
It's hot. |
|
Hace sol. |
It's sunny. |
|
Hace viento. |
It's windy. |
|
Llueve. |
It's raining. |
|
Nieva. |
It's snowing. |
|
Está nublado. |
It's cloudy. |
|
|
18.
Food and Meals
|
1. bacon |
el tocino |
lunch |
el almuerzo |
wine |
el vino |
|
2. beef |
la carne de
vaca |
meal |
la comida |
yogurt |
el yogur |
|
3. beer |
la cerveza |
meat |
la carne |
bag |
la bolsa |
|
4. beverage |
la bebida |
milk |
la leche |
bowl |
el tázon |
|
5. biscuit |
el bizcocho |
milkshake |
la malteada |
bottle |
la botella |
|
6. bread |
el pan |
mustard |
la mostaza |
box |
la caja |
|
7. breakfast |
el desayuno |
mutton |
la carne de
carnero |
can |
la lata |
|
8. butter |
la mantequilla |
oil |
el aceite |
can opener |
abrelatas |
|
9. cake |
la torta |
omelet |
la tortilla |
carton |
el tetrabrik |
|
10. candy |
los dulces |
pepper |
la pimienta |
chopsticks |
los palillos |
|
11. cheese |
el queso |
pie |
el pastel |
coffee pot |
la cafetera |
|
12.chicken |
el pollo |
pork |
la carne de
cerdo |
colander |
el colador |
|
13.chocolate |
el chupete |
rice |
el arroz |
corkscrew |
el sacacorchos |
|
14.chop |
la chuleta |
roast |
el asado |
cup |
la taza |
|
15.coffee |
el café |
roll |
el panecillo |
dish |
el plato |
|
16.cookie |
la galleta |
salad |
la ensalada |
fork |
el tenedor |
|
17.cottage cheese |
el requesón |
salami |
el salchichón |
frying pan |
la sartén |
|
18.cotton candy |
el algodón de
azúcar |
salt |
la sal |
glass |
el vaso |
|
19.cream |
la crema |
sandwich |
el bocadillo |
jar |
el tarro |
|
20.custard |
las natillas |
sauce |
la salsa |
jug |
la jarra |
|
21.dessert |
el postre |
sausage |
el chorizo |
kettle |
la caldera |
|
22.dinner |
la comida |
soft drink |
el refresco
gaseoso |
knife |
el cuchillo |
|
23.egg |
el huevo |
soup |
la sopa |
lid |
la tapa |
|
24.fried eggs |
huevos fritos |
sour cream |
la crema agria |
napkin |
la servilleta |
|
25.fat |
la grasa |
steak |
el bistec |
plate |
el plato |
|
26.flour |
la harina |
stew |
el guisado |
saucer |
el platillo |
|
27.ham |
el jamón |
sugar |
el azúcar |
saucepan |
la cacerola /
el cazo |
|
28.hamburger |
la hamburguesa |
supper |
la cena |
spoon |
la cuchara |
|
29.honey |
la miel |
tea (iced) |
el té (helado) |
spray can |
el spray |
|
30.hot dog |
el perro
caliente |
toast |
las tostadas |
table |
la mesa |
|
31.ice |
el hielo |
veal |
la ternera |
tablecloth |
el mantel |
|
32.ice cream |
el helado |
vegetable |
la legumbre |
teapot |
la tetera |
|
33.jam |
la jalea |
vinegar |
el vinagre |
tube |
el tubo |
|
34.juice |
el jugo |
water |
el agua |
|
|
|
35.lollipop |
el chupete |
whipped cream |
la nata montada |
|
|
|
19. Fruits, Vegetables
and Meats
|
apple |
la manzana |
lettuce |
la lechuga |
broccoli |
el brócoli |
|
orange |
la naranja |
cabbage |
la col |
corn on the cob |
el elote / la
mazorca |
|
banana |
la banana |
cauliflower |
la coliflor |
radish |
el rábano |
|
grapefruit |
la toronja |
green peas |
los guisantes |
pepper |
el pimiento |
|
lemon |
el limón |
asparagus |
los espárragos |
garlic |
el ajo |
|
lime |
la lima |
green bean |
la habichuela |
potato |
la patata |
|
peach |
el melocotón |
spinach |
la espinaca |
sweet potato |
la batata |
|
apricot |
el albaricoque |
tomato |
el tomate |
beans |
los frijoles /
las judías |
|
fig |
el higo |
carrot |
la zanahoria |
beef |
la carne de
vaca |
|
grapes |
las uvas |
turnip |
el nabo |
lamb |
el cordero |
|
pear |
la pera |
beet |
la remolacha |
pork |
el cerdo |
|
plum |
la ciruela |
celery |
el apio |
sausage |
la salchicha |
|
cherry |
la cereza |
onion |
la cebolla |
ham |
el jamón |
|
pineapple |
la piña |
cucumber |
el pepino |
bacon |
el tocino |
|
melon |
el melón |
parsley |
el perejil |
goose |
el ganso |
|
watermelon |
la sandía |
squash |
la calabaza |
duck |
el pato |
|
strawberry |
la fresa |
artichoke |
la alcachofa |
chicken |
el pollo |
|
raspberry |
la frambuesa |
eggplant |
la berenjena |
turkey |
el pavo |
|
blackberry |
la zarzamora |
rhubarb |
el ruibarbo |
lobster |
la langosta |
|
20. Prepositions
|
a |
at |
|
al lado de |
beside |
|
con |
with |
|
alrededor de |
around |
|
contra |
against |
|
cerca de |
near |
|
de |
of, from |
|
lejos de |
far from |
|
en |
in, on |
|
delante de |
in front of |
|
entre |
between, among |
|
debajo de |
below, under |
|
hacia |
towards, about |
|
en frente de |
opposite |
|
para |
for, in order, by |
|
detrás de |
behind |
|
por |
for, through, along,
via |
|
encima de |
above |
|
sobre |
on, over |
|
hasta |
till, until |
|
sin |
without |
|
desde |
from, since |
Note:
There are two prepositional contractions with
definite articles. A and el combine to
form al, and de and el combine to
form del.
|
21. Family and Pets
|
family |
la familia |
|
grandfather |
el abuelo |
|
dog |
el perro |
|
parents |
los padres |
|
grandmother |
la abuela |
|
cat |
el gato |
|
husband |
el esposo |
|
grandson |
el nieto |
|
bird |
el pájaro |
|
wife |
la esposa |
|
granddaughter |
la nieta |
|
fish |
el pez |
|
father |
el padre |
|
uncle |
el tío |
|
horse |
el caballo |
|
mother |
la madre |
|
aunt |
la tía |
|
goat |
la cabra |
|
son |
el hijo |
|
nephew |
el sobrino |
|
pig |
el cerdo |
|
daughter |
la hija |
|
niece |
la sobrina |
|
cow |
la vaca |
|
children |
los hijos |
|
cousin (m) |
el primo |
|
rabbit |
el conejo |
|
sister |
la hermana |
|
cousin (f) |
la prima |
|
turtle |
la tortuga |
|
brother |
el hermano |
|
relatives |
los parientes |
|
mouse |
el ratón |
|
22. To Know People and
Facts
|
conocer - to know people |
|
saber - to know facts |
|
conozco |
conocemos |
|
sé |
sabemos |
|
conoces |
conocéis |
|
sabes |
sabéis |
|
conoce |
conocen |
|
sabe |
saben |
|
|
23. Formation of Plural
Nouns If a singular noun ends in a vowel, just
add -s to make it plural: la casa / las casas.
If a singular noun ends in a consonant, a vowel with an
accent, or y, add -es to make it plural: el
papel / los papeles. Singular nouns that end in
-z change the z to c and add -es to form the plural:
la luz / las luces. A few nouns that
have an accent in the singular will lose it in the
plural: el lápiz - los lapices.
|
24. Possessive
Adjectives
|
|
|
Initial Forms |
|
Terminal Forms |
|
|
|
singular |
plural |
|
singular |
plural |
|
my |
|
mi |
mis |
|
mío (a) |
míos (as) |
|
your |
|
tu |
tus |
|
tuyo (a) |
tuyos (as) |
|
your/his/her/its |
|
su |
sus |
|
suyo (a) |
suyos (as) |
|
our |
|
nuestro (a) |
nuestros (as) |
|
nuestro (a) |
nuestros (as) |
|
your |
|
vuestro (a) |
vuestros (as) |
|
vuestro (a) |
vuestros (as) |
|
your/their |
|
su |
sus |
|
suyo (a) |
suyos (as) |
Because su and sus can have so many meanings, the
definite article may be used with the definite article
may be used instead of su with the following forms: de
Ud., de él, de ella, de Uds., de ellos and de
ellas.
los libros de ellos their books
The terminal forms are placed after the noun, and
must be preceded by the definite article, except in
direct address. When used with the indefinite article,
it corresponds to the English "of mine, of yours," etc.
el libro mío my book
Qué haces, hijo mío? What are you doing, my son?
un amigo mío a friend of mine
|
|
25.
Places
|
airport |
el aeropuerto |
embassy |
la embajada |
pier |
el muelle |
|
bakery |
la panadería |
factory |
la fábrica |
police station |
la comisaría |
|
bank |
el banco |
farm |
la granja |
port |
el puerto |
|
bar |
el bar |
fire hydrant |
la boca de agua |
prison |
la prisión |
|
barn |
el granero |
fountain |
la fuente |
restaurant |
el restaurante |
|
barracks |
el cuartel |
garage |
el garaje |
road (highway) |
la carretera /
la vía |
|
bench |
el banco |
grocery store |
el supermercado |
school |
la escuela |
|
bridge |
el puente |
hospital |
el hospital |
sidewalk |
la acera |
|
bookstore |
la librería |
hotel |
el hotel |
square |
la plaza |
|
building |
el edificio |
house |
la casa |
stable |
la cuadra |
|
butcher's |
la carnicería |
hut |
la cabaña |
stadium |
el estadio |
|
castle |
el castillo |
inn |
la posada |
stop sign |
la señal de
alto |
|
cathedral |
la catedral |
lane (town) |
la calleja |
store |
la tienda |
|
cemetery |
el cementerio |
library |
la biblioteca |
street |
la calle |
|
church |
la iglesia |
market |
el mercado |
suburb |
el barro
residencial |
|
cinema |
el cine |
ministry |
el ministerio |
theater |
el teatro |
|
consulate |
el consulado |
monument |
el monumento |
tower |
la torre |
|
corner |
la esquina |
museum |
el museo |
town |
la ciudad |
|
courtyard |
el patio |
palace |
el palacio |
town hall |
el ayuntamiento |
|
crosswalk |
el cruce
peatonal |
path |
la senda |
traffic light |
el semáforo |
|
dock |
la dársena |
pavement |
la acera |
university |
la universidad |
|
dry cleaner's |
la tintorería |
pharmacy |
la farmacia |
village |
el pueblo |
|
|
26.. House & Furniture
|
alarm clock |
el despertador |
drawer |
el cajón |
pipe |
la pipa |
|
armchair |
el sillón |
dresser |
el tocador |
pipe (water) |
el tubo |
|
ashtray |
el cenicero |
driveway |
la entrada del
garaje |
poker |
el atizador |
|
attic |
el desván |
DVD player |
el lector de
DVD |
radio |
la radio |
|
balcony |
el balcón |
fence |
la cerca |
record |
el disco |
|
basement |
el sótano |
film |
la película |
refrigerator |
el refrigerador |
|
basket |
la cesta |
fire |
el fuego |
roof |
el tejado |
|
bathroom |
el baño |
flame |
la llama |
room |
el cuarto |
|
bathtub |
la bañera |
flashlight |
la linterna |
rug |
la alfombra |
|
batteries |
las pilas |
flat |
el apartamento |
sheet |
la sábana |
|
bed |
la cama |
floor |
el suelo |
shelf |
el estante |
|
bedroom |
la alcoba / el
dormitorio |
floor (levels) |
el piso / la
planta |
shovel |
la pala |
|
bell (door) |
la campanilla |
flower |
la flor |
shower |
la ducha |
|
blanket |
la cobija |
freezer |
el congelador |
sideboard |
el aparador |
|
blinds |
la persiana |
front walk |
la vereda |
sink |
el fregadero |
|
bookcase |
la librería |
furniture |
los muebles |
sink (bathroom) |
el lavabo |
|
box |
la caja |
garage |
el garaje |
sitting room |
la sala |
|
broom |
la escoba |
garden |
el jardín |
smoke |
el humo |
|
bucket |
el balde |
ground floor |
la planta baja |
sofa |
el sofá |
|
camcorder |
la cámara |
hearth |
la chimenea |
stairs |
las escaleras |
|
camera |
la máquina de
fotos |
hook |
el gancho |
steps |
los escalones |
|
candle |
la vela |
house |
la casa |
story |
el piso |
|
carpet |
la alfombra |
iron (flat) |
la plancha |
stove |
la estufa |
|
cassette |
la cinta |
kerosene |
el petróleo |
study |
el estudio |
|
CD player |
el lector de CD |
key |
la llave |
switch |
el conmutador |
|
ceiling |
el techo |
kitchen |
la cocina |
table |
la mesa |
|
chair |
la silla |
ladder |
la escalera |
tap (faucet) |
el grifo |
|
chimney |
la chimenea |
lamp |
la lámpara |
telephone |
el teléfono |
|
cigar |
el puro / el
cigarro |
lawn |
el césped |
television |
el televisor |
|
cigarette |
el cigarrillo |
light bulb |
la bombilla |
toaster |
la tostadora |
|
clock |
el reloj |
living room |
la sala |
toilet (WC) |
el inodoro |
|
closet |
el armario |
lock |
la cerradura |
towel |
la toalla |
|
compact disc |
el disco
compacto |
mailbox |
el buzón |
vacuum cleaner |
el aspirador |
|
computer |
la computadora |
matches |
las cerillas |
vase |
el jarrón |
|
corner |
el rincón |
mattress |
el colchón |
VCR |
el
magnetoscopio |
|
cupboard |
la alacena |
microwave oven |
el horno
microondas |
wall (house) |
el muro |
|
curtain |
la cortina |
mirror |
el espejo |
wall (room) |
la pared |
|
cushion |
el cojín |
oven |
el horno |
window |
la ventana |
|
desk |
el escritorio |
pantry |
la despensa |
yard |
el jardín |
|
dining room |
el comedor |
picture |
el cuadro |
|
|
|
door |
la puerta |
pillow |
la almohada |
|
|
|
|
27.
Irregular Forms
Some adjectives and adverbs have irregular
comparative and superlative forms. The most common are:
|
Adjective/Adverb |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
good
bad
great
small
well
badly
much
little |
bueno
malo
grande
pequeño
bien
mal
mucho
poco |
better
worse
greater
less
better
worse
more
less |
mejor
peor
mayor
menor
mejor
peor
más
menos |
the best
the worst
the greatest
the least
best
worst
most
least |
el mejor
el peor
el mayor
el menor
el mejor
el peor
el más
el menos |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the bueno and malo change according to
gender and number while grande and pequeño change
according to gender. The adverbs (the last four) do not
agree with the noun.
|
|
28.
Clothing
|
apron |
el delantal |
pants |
los pantalones |
|
barrette |
el pasador |
pin |
el alfiler |
|
bathrobe |
la bata |
pocket |
el bolsillo |
|
belt |
el cinturón |
purse |
el bolso |
|
blouse |
la blusa |
raincoat |
el impermeable |
|
boot |
la bota |
ring |
el anillo |
|
bracelet |
la pulsera |
sandals |
las sandalias |
|
brush |
un cepillo del
pelo |
scarf |
la bufanda |
|
buckle |
la hebilla |
shirt |
la camisa |
|
button |
el botón |
shoe |
el zapato |
|
cap |
el gorro |
shoelace |
el cordón |
|
clothes |
la ropa |
shorts |
los pantalones
cortos |
|
coat |
el abrigo |
silk |
la seda |
|
collar |
el cuello |
skirt |
la falda |
|
comb |
el peine |
sleeve |
la manga |
|
cotton |
el algodón |
slippers |
las pantuflas |
|
dress |
el vestido |
soap |
el jabón |
|
earmuffs |
las orejaras |
sock |
los calcetines |
|
earrings |
el arete |
stocking |
la media |
|
fashion |
la moda |
suit |
el traje |
|
glasses |
los lentes |
sunglasses |
las gafas de
sol |
|
glove |
el guante |
suspenders |
los tirantes |
|
handbag |
el bolso |
sweater |
el jersey |
|
handkerchief |
el pañuelo |
sweatsuit |
el chándal |
|
hat |
el sombrero |
swimsuit |
el traje de
baño |
|
jacket |
la cazadora |
tie |
la corbata |
|
jeans |
los vaqueros |
T-shirt |
la camiseta |
|
mittens |
los mitones |
umbrella |
el paraguas |
|
necklace |
el collar |
underwear |
la ropa
interior |
|
nightgown |
el camisón |
waistcoat |
el chaleco |
|
overcoat |
el sobretodo |
watch |
el reloj |
|
pajamas |
los pijamas |
wool |
la lana |
|
29. More Adjectives
|
large |
grande |
high, tall |
alto |
|
small |
pequeño |
low, short |
bajo |
|
long |
largo |
pretty |
lindo, bonito |
|
short |
corto |
beautiful |
hermoso |
|
good |
bueno |
ugly |
feo |
|
bad |
malo |
wide |
ancho |
|
rich |
rico |
narrow |
estrecho |
|
poor |
pobre |
heavy |
pesado |
|
strong |
fuerte |
light |
ligero |
|
weak |
débil |
hard |
duro |
|
easy |
fácil |
soft |
blando |
|
difficult |
difícil |
sweet |
dulce |
|
fat |
gordo |
sour |
agrio |
|
thin |
delgado |
bitter |
amargo |
When any form of the definite article is placed
before an adjective, then the adjective becomes a noun.
pobre - poor; el pobre - the poor man
If the neuter article lo is placed before a
singular masculine adjective, the latter becomes an
abstract noun.
bueno - good; lo bueno - the good
(everything that is good)
|
|
30.
Nature
|
air |
el aire |
grass |
la hierba |
sea |
el mar |
|
archipelago |
el archipiélago |
gulf |
el golfo |
shadow |
la sombra |
|
bank |
la orilla |
hail |
el granizo |
sky |
el cielo |
|
bay |
la bahía |
hay |
el heno |
snow |
la nieve |
|
barn |
el granero |
high tide |
la marea alta |
soil |
el suelo |
|
beach |
la playa |
hill |
la colina |
south |
el sur |
|
branch |
la rama |
ice |
el hielo |
spring (water) |
la fuente |
|
bridge |
el puente |
island |
la isla |
star |
la estrella |
|
bud |
el capullo |
isthmus |
el istmo |
stem |
el tallo |
|
bush |
el arbusto |
jungle |
la jungla |
storm |
la tormenta |
|
cape |
el cabo |
lake |
el lago |
strait |
el aprieto |
|
cave |
la cueva |
leaf |
la hoja |
stream |
el arroyo |
|
city |
la ciudad |
light |
la luz |
street |
el calle |
|
climate |
el clima |
lightning |
el relámpago |
sun |
el sol |
|
cloud |
la nube |
lily |
la azucena |
sunflower |
el girasol |
|
coast |
la costa |
low tide |
la marea baja |
thaw |
el deshielo |
|
comet |
el cometa |
meadow |
el prado |
thunder |
el trueno |
|
constellation |
la constelación |
moon |
la luna |
tornado |
el tornado |
|
country |
el país |
mountain |
la montaña |
tree |
el árbol |
|
country(side) |
el campo |
mountain range |
la sierra |
trunk |
el tronco |
|
current |
la corriente |
mouth (river) |
la
desembocadura |
tulip |
el tulipán |
|
daffodil |
el narciso |
mud |
el barro |
valley |
el valle |
|
daisy |
la margarita |
nature |
la naturaleza |
view |
la vista |
|
darkness |
la obscuridad |
north |
el norte |
water |
el agua (f) |
|
desert |
el desierto |
peninsula |
la península |
fresh water |
el agua dulce |
|
dew |
el rocío |
plain |
el llano |
salt water |
el agua salada |
|
dust |
el polvo |
planet |
el planeta |
watering can |
la regadera |
|
earth |
la tierra |
plant |
la planta |
waterfall |
la cascada |
|
east |
el este |
pond |
el estanque |
wave |
la ola |
|
farm |
la granja |
pot (for plants) |
la maceta |
weather |
el tiempo |
|
field |
el campo |
rain |
la lluvia |
west |
el oeste |
|
flower |
la flor |
rainbow |
el arco iris |
wind |
el viento |
|
foam |
la espuma |
river |
el río |
world |
el mundo |
|
fog |
le niebla |
rock |
la roca |
|
|
|
foliage |
el follaje |
root |
la raíz |
|
|
|
forest |
el bosque |
rose |
la rosa |
|
|
|
frost |
el helada |
sand |
la arena |
|
|
Source:
http://www.ielanguages.com/spanish.html
|
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